Biography of Obafemi Awolowo-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Compose a life story on Obafemi Awolowo, a Nigerian patriarch. Answer: Obafemi Awolowo was a pioneer and legislator from Nigeria. He was likewise a Yoruba Chief. He was a local of Ikenne, Ogun State, Nigeria. He began as a territorial political pioneer, just like the case with most other pre-freedom counterparts. He is considered as the establishing father of Nigeria, and he had found in various associations which incorporated the Egbe Omo Oduduwa Trade Unions Congress of Nigeria just as the ideological group named the Action Group. Awolowo was a functioning columnist and as a youngster, he was additionally an exchange unionist. He had altered The Nigerian Worker and some different distributions. He additionally sorted out the Nigerian Produce Traders Association. He additionally went about as the secretary of Nigerian Motor Transport Union. Awolowo had graduated in the wake of finishing his Bachelor of Commerce degree in Nigeria. At that point he proceeded onward to London to get a law degree. Awolowo was likewise a piece of the Nigerian assignment tha t has participated in the Constitutional talks that occurred in London in 1957. Another accomplishment was that he was the main debut of Western Region as indicated by the parliamentary arrangement of Nigeria from 1954 to 1960. Later on, in the administrative parliament to the Balewa government, Awolowo was the official head of resistance from 1960 to 1963. He was placed in prison on a charge of subversion in 1963. Later on, in 1967, he was exonerated and discharged from prison by the military government (Makinde and Obafemi, 2002). He turned into the fund serve from 1967 to 1971. He additionally fruitlessly challenged the presidential races in 1979 and 1983. It was uniquely in 1993 that the vote based system had been reestablished in Nigeria after the 1966 upset. They beginning of the military system in Nigeria was portrayed as Awalowo as a Nigeria going into a troubling passage. He knew about the test to hold the contending districts of Nigeria together just as holding the clans under single government framework, which was viewed as the biggest test for the recently conceived country state. He was supportive of neighborhood self-rule that depended on the ethno-semantic character of various areas. He likewise preferred that the bigger reasons ought to be part into littler states (Meredith, 2005). From that point forward, 36 states have been made in Nigeria. The effect of the strategies and thoughts of Awolowo can even be seen today, especially in the South, where it is viewed as that training and government assistance programs assume a significant job in the assignment of making residents who can release their obligations of self-administration by taking dynamic part in common society (Dudley, 1978). As for this situation, contentions and con tending interests are included, for the most part the consequence of the issue of how the middle has conveyed the assets, impartial and just frameworks ought to be available in Nigeria that can likewise ensure the, the legislature is vested in all the people and not just in world class people (Adegbesan, 1988). Along these lines, Awolowo is considered as the establishing father of the country, and his inheritance should be inspected (Rotberg, 2004). The introduction of Obafemi Awolowo occurred in Ikenne, in Western Nigeria. His dad was a rancher and he was taught at the congregation schools. Awolowo was filling in as an associate instructor before it chose to go to Wesley College in Ibanadan as he needed to get preparing as a teacher. From that point, he graduated in 1927. On the strict side, he was a Wesleyan Methodist. He joined an administrative situation in the school in 1932 (Adekola, 2002). Later on, in 1934, he went into making business and began to work for the Motor Transporter and the Produce Trader. This was the point at which he likewise began to compose articles for papers (Awolowo, 1981). He was behind the establishment of Nigerian Produce Traders Association. So also, he was additionally going about as the supervisor of The Nigerian Worker. Step by step, he likewise accepted the charge as the secretary of Nigerian Motor Transport Union. In 1937, he got hitched to Hannah Idowu Dideolu and the couple had three littl e girls and two children. Awolowo had sorted out a fruitful strike in 1937. This strike was composed to restrict the biased and shameful pioneer enactments. He was assuming and a key job in the Nigerian Youth Movement (NYM) by the mid 1940s (Makinde, 2007). He turned into the branch secretary of the NYM in Ibadan in 1940. Similarly, he likewise began a disturbance in 1942 because of which changes occurred in the Ibadan Native Authority Advisory Board (Shillington, 2005). Likewise, he additionally helped to establish the Trades Union Congress in Nigeria in 1943. He additionally sorted out an enormous scope fight in 1944 to contradict the restriction on the fare of palm piece. Because of this ground level activism, the ordinary citizens were persuaded that they could confront the British and even success (Ogunmodede, 1986). They likewise began to accept that they can challenge the provincial framework in Africa as was done in India and the freedom battle of India yet behind these common noncompliance strategies embraced by Awoolowo (Sklar, 2004). He accomplished a single man of business degree in 1944, being an outside understudy from the London University. He went to London in 1944 to examine law. At the point when he was in London, he partook in establishing the Egbe Omo Oduduwa (it was a general public of the descendents of Oduduwa, who were the progenitors of individuals communicating in Yoruba). The principle reason for this association is to examine and to save the way of life of the Yoruba (Simpson, 2006). This association was propelled in 1948 in Lagos (Duffy, J. what's more, Manners (eds.). 1961). On November 18, 1946, Owolowo had qualified as a lawyer at the Inner Temple and he came back to Nigeria. He had set up a critical lawful practice. Somewhere in the range of 1947 and 1951 Owolowo filled in as a backer and a specialist in the Supreme Court of Nigeria. Awolowo took his final gasp on May 9, 1987 in his old neighborhood, Ikenne. The governmental issues of Awolowo: He had helped to establish the activity bunch in 1950 as the political wing of Egbe Omo Oduduwa. This was essentially situated in the Western Region, which was ruled by the Yoruba (Nolte, 2009). He was additionally chosen for the get together and he turned into the Minister of nearby Government in 1951 and stayed in this situation until 1954. During 1952 and 53, Awolowo embraced broad ventures and he visited Egypt, Ceylon, Pakistan and India. In these nations he talked about anticolonial battle and self-assurance (Weiner and Ergun, 1987). He especially appreciated Jawaharlal Nehru. He likewise, distributed his collection of memoirs, in the paper of the Action Group, The Tribune that had been established by him in 1949 (Trask, 2004). After the sacred changes that were presented in 1954, Awolowo turned into the main Premiere of Eastern Region. Additionally in this year, he was likewise selected the privileged Chief of the Yoruba. He had additionally partaken in the Constitutional talks that had occurred in London and Ghana in 1953, 57 and 58. This was the point at which he additionally went to the United States, Italy, Germany and Japan. These visits were embraced so as to energize exchange relations with these nations (Makinde, 2009). Just before autonomy, in 1959, he left Premiership so as to participate in decisions for the Federal get together. Samuel Akintola turned into the conclusion (Adebayo, 1988). The Hausa Fulani People's Congress had won the decisions, alongside the Eastern national Council of Nigeria (Richard, 2008). A Northern lawmaker, Balewa turned into the Prime Minister of the nation and Awolowo assumed responsibility as the official head of resistance (Nwanwene, 1970). The strategies of Awolowo: he had consistently accepted that the assets of Nigeria ought to be summed up into training and the advancement of state drove framework. A debate is additionally ejected when Awolowo had presented free essential instruction at the significant cost him all the Western locale and he likewise settled free TV administration in Africa (Zachernuk, 1988). Similarly, he extended the jolt extends by utilizing the salary from profoundly productive cocoa send out industry (Ogunmodede, 1986). Regardless of whether he was mainstream in the Western Nigeria, among the Yoruba, he got disliked with the evidently biggest political alliance of the country (the Northern, Muslim, Northern Peoples Congress) because of his left leanings. A ton of Nigerians were of the supposition that his approaches were being directed by the administration of UK (Sklar, 1963). When contrasted with Nnamdi Akikwe of the NCNC, who was the principal leader of Nigeria in 1963, Awolowo was agreeable to self-sufficiency that depended on ethno-etymological personality (Shillington, 2005). Western Nigeria emergency: there were not kidding difference among Awolowo and Akintola with respect to the manner in which the Western district ought to be run. Therefore, Akintola made a partnership with the NPC government, which was driven by Abubakar Tafawa Balewa. In any case, there were numerous people in the Akintola's group who were of the feeling that the transcendent situation in business was being lost by the Yorubas and furthermore the organization to Igbos because of the choice made by the NCNC to participate in the decision alliance (Oke, Olatunji, Adebayo and Femi, (eds.). 2009). Then again, the assessment of Awolowo was considerably more can be accomplished by winning the following political race without shaping an alliance with the NCP. A portion of the people who were agreeable to an organization with the NCP were Muslim, and the others were hostile to Awolowo. The outcome was that allegations were made by every locale against the others that they had gotten unjusti fiable offer in employments and assets (Olufemi, 1986). A fruitless endeavor was made to supplant Akintola when his group disturbed the gathering procedures, and one part was in any event, going to club the speaker. Because of this emergency, Balewa had proclaimed highly sensitive situation in the Western locale. He had likewise named chairman for the district (Nathaniel, 2008). Under these conditions, the N

Finance Earnings and Desire of Shareholders

Question: Talk about theFinancefor Earnings and Desire of Shareholders. Answer: Expressing the Factors that Might Influence Payment of Dividend: The principle factors that may impact installment of profit are size of income, want of investors, nature of industry, liquidity position, future prerequisites business hazard and office cost. These variables predominantly influence the profit installment strategy of the organization, which may help in producing request among potential speculators. Liu, Uchida Yang (2014) referenced that organizations with the steady profit payout can expand their offer cost and produce high capital from IPO deal. In actuality, Hernndez Junca (2015) contended that after the profit installment, momentary dealers for the most part leave their position, which ostensibly decreases share cost of the organization. Likewise, expanding productivity and general saves primarily increment the desires for the financial specialist for higher profits, which thus blows up its offer cost. In addition, speculators for settling on a satisfactory venture choice for the most part utilize the profit payout proportion or yield. Remarking on Joe Smolinski's Suggestion for Not Paying the Dividend: Joe Smolinkskis fundamental remark was that on the off chance that it aint broke we ought not fix it. This expression fundamentally alluded to the breaking down divined strategy of the organization. The organization should possibly make a move if its profit strategy kickbacks and thwarts its development possibilities. Due to non-installment of profits, the organization share cost has fundamentally tumbled from $25 to $2 and is as of now exchanging at $8. The past profits are essentially utilized in the Gordon development model by top of the line financial specialists, which portray the genuine offer value estimation of the organization. The financial specialists can't distinguish the real estimation of organizations share value that doesn't deliver any profit by utilizing the profit markdown model. Li, He Tang (2014) contended that non-profit installment organizations have less obligation collection as the profit sum is reinvested in the organization for improving its development and create better yield. Giving Relevant Explanation and Critically Evaluating the Jim Baker's Argument: From the contextual analysis, it could be assessed that the organization has been working with investors cash for multi year and have not delivered any profit, which has radically discounted its offer cost from $25 to $2. This intense decrease in share value esteem is expected to the non-installment of profits, which have diminished the enthusiasm of financial specialists in the organization. LUO WU (2016) referenced that drawn out speculators basically pick organizations that give reliable profits, which may help in portraying budgetary solidness and produce come back from its venture. Unexpectedly, Coetzee de (2014) contended that momentary financial specialists fundamentally assess the value development and doesn't identify with the profit approach of the organization. The offer cost will endure if the organization doesn't deliver the profits this year as its indicated promising returns and has been declining the requests of the financial specialists. The non-installment of profits could diminish the enthusiasm of the present speculator and create a monstrous offer of offers, which may contrarily influence the present offer cost of the organization. Benefits reserves, insurance agencies and common supports speculator hold 43% of the complete portions of the organization, which for the most part depends on profits. In this way, non-installment of profits may affect a significant sell signal for the institutional financial specialists and offer cost of the organization may endure in not so distant future (De Mpinda 2013). Remarking on the Dividend Payment Debate Stated in New Wave Corporation: The organization has been creating merchandise benefits after the IPO issues however the chiefs of the organization as opposed to giving profits held the benefit to reinvestment in the business. Be that as it may, the reinvestment choice of the chiefs was principally productive during the difficulties time that was looked by the organization. This reinvestment arrangement fundamentally paid off the obligation collection, which may have led during the financial downturn. At present the offer cost of the organization has declined from its past high of $25, because of the sudden downturn in the economy. In any case, the offer cost of the organization expanded from $2 to $8 yet couldn't contact its past high because of its no profit strategy. Viviers, Firer Muller (2013) referenced that adjustment of no profit strategy for the most part diminishes its fiction in pulling in long haul potential financial specialists, which may give the necessary funding to the organization for accomplishin g the focused on objectives. Despite what might be expected, Kao Chen (2013) contended that at present organizations chiefly utilize the obligation amassing methodology, which permits them to get additional exception from burden and improve their benefit maintenance limit. Specific Sum Held profit 1,000,000 Money 250,000 Absolute money accessible 1,250,000 Venture required 1,000,000 Money balance 250,000 Money maintenance 150,000 Profit paid 100,000 Profit per share 0.1 Table 1: Stating the profit per share (Source: As referenced for the situation study) Weave McKay basically remarked on utilizing the leftover profit strategy technique, which may help in supporting the companys capital structure necessities and improve its profit yield. The table 1 could successfully portray the lingering profit arrangement, which may be utilized for improving the profit yield of the organization. Balachandran, Krishnamurti, Theobald Vidanapathirana (2012) contended that remaining profit arrangement depicts temperamental profit installment structure, which increment the danger of speculation for speculators. In this specific circumstance, Giugale Nguyen (2014) further expressed that financial specialists for the most part overlook organizations with shaky profit arrangement, which contrarily influences its offer value valuation. Specific Sum Held income 1,000,000 Money 250,000 All out money accessible 1,250,000 Speculation required 1,000,000 Money balance 250,000 Money maintenance 150,000 Sum utilized for share repurchase 100,000 Current offer cost 8 Number of offer repurchase 12,500 Table 2: Stating the quantity of offers repurchased (Source: As referenced for the situation study) Nonetheless, Edwin mostly expressed that stock repurchase could be directed subsequent to satisfying the venture needs of the organization. Organizations to improve their general EPS and undertaking a solid speculation chance to the financial specialists fundamentally utilize stock repurchase technique (Liu, Uchida Yang 2014). The strategy could just assistance the organization to repurchase 12500 offers in the present value, which probably won't help in making the necessary interest for its stocks. In actuality, Hernndez Junca (2015) condemns that stock repurchase doesn't help if the organization puts resources into own stocks and can't create salary from other source. After the assessment of New Wave Corporation pay and monetary record explanation, it could be discovered that the organization has made satisfactory pay this financial year. Nonetheless, the venture of 1,000,000 is basically required and the held pay is 1,000,000. The organization has not delivered any sort of profit to its investors subsequent to producing higher pay from investors cash. In this manner, assertion of profits could be useful in producing enthusiasm of financial specialists and lifts organizations generally share cost. Coetzee de (2014) referenced that congruity in profit assertion fundamentally permits organizations to draw in very good quality speculators, which may help in improving both offer cost and venture capital. The primary purpose for the installment of profits is the high-held salary and money accessibility accomplished by the organization. For the most part, there are five distinctive kind of profit installment strategy, which is received by the organization. These profit installment approaches are viably portrayed as follows. Ordinary Stock Dividends: This sort of profit strategy is for the most part utilized by organizations who needs the profit add up to helps its capital structure. The organizations fundamentally give stock profits, which may lessen EPS of the organization and hamper financial specialists discernment (Giugale Nguyen 2014). The stock profits strategy hampers the offer worth and speculation capital, which may be created from capital market. Customary Extra Dividends: The extra divined are just given by organizations that follow a steady profit arrangement. The organizations principally deliver additional profits when there is an abundance salary achieved during the financial year. These sorts of profits are for the most part used to organizations to prompt interest among potential speculators and increment their offer value (Balachandran, Krishnamurti, Theobald Vidanapathirana 2012). No Immediate Dividends: This sort profit strategy fundamentally embraced by the organizations that are new and have gigantic capital needs. The profit sum is principally reinvested in the business for improving its capital structure. Notwithstanding, the organization needs to pay rewards in type of stocks, which may build the profit sum (Kao Chen 2013). Stable Dividends: The steady profit strategy is predominantly embraced by the organizations, which give fixed salary to its investors paying little mind to the change in its pay. The essential focal point of the organization is to keep up the profit rate, which may help in collecting very good quality financial specialists (Viviers, Firer Muller 2013). Sporadic or Residual Dividend: Organizations to help its capital structure needs chiefly utilize sporadic or leftover profit arrangement. This strategy for the most part utilizes the held salary for supporting its speculation needs and the parity sum is paid to the investors. Li, He Tang (2014) referenced that unpredictable profit approach permits organizations to diminish the venture use, which may acquire during the development procedure. New Wave Corporation could viably utilize the remaining or sporadic profit approach, which was

How Twitterfeed Made Me A Better Social Media Promoter

How Twitterfeed Made Me A Better Social Media Promoter Social Media world is very large and its all about engaging with it for going ahead. For cope with social media world you must spend time on it. But it is often not possible to spend much time on social media, for this reason we often depend on automation. There are many debates about using automated elements on social media but to make your account active we should use automate service. Twitterfeed you might have heard about it. This is an automated online tool which helps to share your post on behalf of you on your various social media pages. This is not only work for twitter but it also works with other social media services. A misconception that Twitterfeed is an official tool from twitter but in real it is not connected or affiliated with Twitter but it automates the syndication of your Blog posts and articles from your website to your social media pages. Twitterfeed automate you content for major social media sites. Such as- Facebook Twitter App.net Linkedin Personal Page Linkedin Company Page As a result if you activate Twitterfeed service for your website then it will automatically update your Blog post on above listed social media sites. And this will help you to save time, because if you want to share your content manually then it requires more time. But Twitterfeed will do it instantly on behalf of you. And just you need to activate their service one time. Once you activate Twitterfeed service rest of the job will be done by this amazing online tools. Generally Twitterfeed use RSS feed from a Website and when your site feed updates then Twitterfeed automatically posts contents from the feed. I think you are bit interested about Twitterfeed to save your time. If you are new to Twitterfeed, then proceed through the below steps, this will guide you on how to link your social media to this tools. Step #1: First head over to http://twitterfeed.com/ site and signup for a free account. After signing up you will receive an email confirmation that asks you to confirm your email address and after email confirmation your account will activate. Step #2: So after activating your Twitterfeed account, login to Twitterfeed account with username and password. Step #3: And from there click on the Create new Feed Button. And feed creation page will open. Step #4: Under Feed Name, type your Blog Feed name. You can give any name on Feed Name field. And in Blog URL or RSS Feed URL field enter your RSS Feeds URL. Step #5: If you wish to test your RSS feed then click Test RSS Feed button to make sure that you have the correct name for your RSS feed. If your Blog feed is ok then Feed parsed OK message will appear below the Feed URL box. Step #6: After checking the feed additionally you expend the Advanced Settings for adjusting Update Frequency, Post Content and Post Link. After that click Continue to Step 2 and you will headed to Configure Publishing Services page to setup the links to your social media accounts. Step #7: Now Under Available Services, go through the direction to link your social media accounts to Twitterfeed, such as Twitter, Facebook, and LinkedIn. You have to Authenticate Account account by using your social media page user name and password for each of the social media profiles. Step #8: After you have completion of linking process between Twitterfeed and social media pages, click All Done. Now Twitterfeed is ready to share your Blog content automatically on your social media pages. Your social media fan will start seeing blog posts and updates from your website linked to your social platforms. Because Twitterfeed will check your RSS feed after every 30 minutes. If it finds any updates then instantly it will share on connected social media site. This wayTwitterfeed will make you a Better Social Media Promoter. However after setting up automated service you shouldnt relax completely, because if any bugs or error arise in automated online tools then you wont able to track it soon. So often check your Twitterfeed tool that is it working correctly or not. I hope Twitterfeed will help to save your time and money to connect more social media users.

Comparing the Female Protagonists in Groundhog Day and A P

Role of the Female Protagonists in Groundhog Day and A P Groundhog Day, starring Bill Murray, is a film about a television weatherman named Phil who relives the same day, 2 March, over and over again. A P is a short story by John Updike in which a cashier, Sammy, has his routine day disrupted when three girls wearing swimming suits stroll into the grocery store where he works and are confronted by the manager. Though their storylines vary greatly, in both works the main character in each is a self-centered, condescending male who eventually realises the flaws in his character. This realisation is, in part, brought out by supernatural forces in Groundhog Day and by a managers harsh words in A P. However, in each†¦show more content†¦Unlike Phil, she never tells a lie or says a harsh word about anyone. The character of Queenie is less developed-she is only shown though the narrators eyes as she walks through the supermarket with her two friends. However, she still represents something that Sammy is not: she is a leader and she is blithely unconventional; she is a challenge to the status quo. When Sammy sees the girls he comments You know its one thing to have a girl in a bathing suit down on the beach. Where . . . nobody can look at each other much anyway, and another thing in the cool of the AP under the fluorescent lights . . . Sammy says nothing to indicate that he disagrees with the social norm. Queenie, however, sees no reason to adhere to such conventions. When scolded by the manager, she replies by saying, We are decent. It never occurs to her that what she has been doing might not be acceptable. Thus, Rita, the sensitive, caring person, and Queenie, the non-conformist, act as possible role models for the male protagonists to aspire to: The attraction Phil feels toward Rita and Sammy feels toward Queenie is the motivating force that compels the men to change. Phils attraction to

Evaluating Utilitarianism - What are the main features...

What are the main features of Utilitarianism as an ethical theory? (10 marks) Examine and consider criticisms that have been made against Utilitarianism. (10 marks) Utilitarianism is an ethical theory that pivots around the belief that morality should be judged by consequence and the way in which an action can be deemed moral or immoral, depends upon the number to which it brings the greatest happiness. A decision can be defined as ethically correct under the theory of Utilitarianism if the moral choice provides the greatest good for the greatest number of people, proving that at the core of Utilitarianism are the ideals of pleasure and consequence. Although Utilitarianism provides a useful, simplistic way for making moral decisions,†¦show more content†¦The most recognised example of this is of the Sadistic Guards scenario, where a group of prison guards enjoy torturing a prisoner. Due to the egalitarian nature of Utilitarianism, certain forms of pleasure can be justified by the theory if they were carried out on the majority by the minority. Benthams version of Utilitarianism would morally accept this situation, as the result would st ill be the greatest good for the greatest number, where sadism would be defined as pleasurable, as the guards are gaining pleasure from torturing the single man. Contrary to Benthams original principle of Utilitarianism, John Stuart Mill believed that pleasure should be qualitative and not quantitative and also that pleasures could be split into higher and lower order pleasures. Mill saw higher order pleasure as that gained when reading literature or going to the opera, whereas he viewed the lower orderly pleasures as bodily, for example, eating, drinking and sex. 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Technology is taking over the World free essay sample

We are currently in a technological age. Electronics are now used to complete everyday tasks from cooking to even cleaning. In the kitchen, there are refrigerators that keep vegetables crisp and can tell what the weather forecast for the week is. Everyday vacuum cleaners now have the latest in â€Å"cyclone technology† and some can even clean a house while one takes a nap. However, no one area has utilized technology as much as primary and higher educational systems. No longer do classes have chalkboards, rulers, and textbooks. They have been replaced for smart boards, projectors, tablets, e-books, and a variety of other gadgets. This use of technology, for the most part, is a benefactor for the students because they are able to attain a much richer education and understand concepts better than before through hands on exercises. However, relying solely on technology without human input may result differently. Distance learning is an ineffective and unsecured substitute to a physical college/university because they don’t provide the long-term knowledge or hands on experience that prepares students for post-secondary careers or relationships. We will write a custom essay sample on Technology is taking over the World or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Even though technology is a large part of society today, interactions with real life people, through verbal communication is ideal to obtain a happy and successful life. Distance learning is mainly completed through the computer and rarely allows for a student to gain the proper communication skills needed to succeed after the class. In a job interview they look for strong communication skills, as well as an educated background. On the job, a keyboard and screen Asari 2 can’t be used to convey ones thoughts and ideas. Another natural part of life, creating social bonds, requires an individual to communicate with others. This can’t be practiced when a glass screen separates two people, miles away from each other. These valuable skills can only be gained through a classroom environment where people talk and ideas are put out and either accepted or debated by peers, as I have come to learn. Last semester I took a blended CPR and first aid class. There were a total of 5 classes and the rest of the course was completed online. The task at hand was to teach my self how to save a person’s life by reading an entire textbook and taking some tests online. The physical classes were all rushed because we were covering over 100 pages in two hours. In a class where the gained knowledge is intended to be used for practical use, it becomes very hard to do so when there is an insufficient amount of hands on experience. Reading about bandaging an appendage or stopping a wound is not the same as having a physical bandage in your hand, going around a person’s limb, learning the effective movements and techniques. I remember little bits and pieces still, but a large amount of information has already been lost in a matter of months. The reason for this is because everything was learned in a matter of days instead of being spread out like an ordinary class. The information was stored in the short term part of the brain rather than long term sensory motor area where physical interactions are placed. Because of this, I’m not able to use a lot of information learned in future instances of danger. Similar negative feelings of online classes are portrayed by writers of higher position around the nation. Some people tend to have very strong emotions toward this subject and end up writing literary pieces that get published. Suzanne M. Kelly and Marilyn Karras, both well recognized writers, point out some very important differences and benefits of a traditional university education. Kelly speaks about the physical characteristics of some students in her class that can’t Asari 3 be seen online. By seeing actual students, there is an indirect learning that can’t be acquired through a computer. Kelly states â€Å"what does it do to our discussions when bodies are hidden behind computers and software-when the sensuous classroom is lost† (178)? When discussing about societal issues, it’s a huge benefit to see an actual class that is a small representation of the larger population. Having tangible things to compare is always better than a digital substitute. Karras on the other hand speaks about the difference between online courses and physical classes. The main differences she describes is, â€Å"a university education involves, among other things, debate, discussion and an exchange of ideas among classmates and professors, both inside and outside the classroom† (Karras 180). This tie’s directly with the fact that online classes don’t provide enough verbal communication to succeed in times of physical contact. Taking online courses will not have as much, if any, verbal communication as the regular class setting. However in most cases, online classes may provide a better opportunity for ideas to be shared because shy students don’t have to actually speak; ideas trapped in the shy minds of some geniuses would be free and expressed to the rest of the world. This would only be a temporary release of ideas, but it could create very interesting chats online. Many students have experienced and possibly been drawn in for that fact. Students choose to take online courses for various reasons. One large part of the population is parents who have kids to take care of. They believe it’s impossible to attend a traditional class because of time restraints. While they may argue that distance learning is a better option because they allow for a more flexible schedule, many colleges, such as MC, have adjusted their systems to accommodate for people in similar scenarios. One adjustment is the times classes are offered. From around eight in the morning to eight at night there are classes offered to allow students to take it at a reasonable time and fit their busy schedule. Some classes Asari 4 are even offered during weekends if weekdays tend to be overly hectic. Another program created provides childcare while the parent is in class. If the main problem, the child, is taken care of, why should it stop someone from learning in a classroom setting? Having an instructor during tests allows for security from test fraudulency as well as a better understanding of the subject. Other benefit of being in a class is the control the professor has on the timeline. This rigid time frame is sometimes required for some students to take initiative and complete an assignment. Aside from not having enough security, online courses have grown to be the lazy mans way out of an actual class. While some people have legitimate reasons, colleges have become more understanding and adaptive towards those people by providing flexible hours and added programs for childcare. Even though online courses may provide some short-term benefits like freely flowing ideas, minimal transportation costs, and ease of access, in the long run it’s a hindrance to the progression of a student as a fundamental member in society. If the majority of the population decided to take online courses, the nation would be filled with unresponsive, socially awkward individuals. They may have the necessary knowledge, but will never be able to truly express themselves in an acceptable manor. The art of speaking will be lost to a world filled with brightly lit screens.

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The Development of Natural History essays

The Development of Natural History essays First off, Natural Law is demonstrated in the Natural Law Matrix. (This is at the end of this essay.) But Natural Law is basically a system to make sure that the law is king instead of the king being the law. It starts out with God, whom is the creator of all things and is in charge. Basically, everything must align with His law. Underneath God, is Natural Law, which consists of 4 main parts, they are: Do not lie, which basically means that you must keep your word and do not break any promises. Then comes do not steal, which, to put simply, means do nothing that would be taking something from someone else. The idea of not stealing includes things such as murder. Which takes someone elses life from them without considering the effect and love that has most likely been poured upon them. Another thing that should not be done that is basically stealing is rape, which is basically taking away someone elses not only innocence but in some cases, youre taking away their virginity. There are a million other cases which I could expand on to demonstrate my point but Im sure that you have it now with my several examples made previous. Under do not steal, it is stated that all men are equal. This means that no one should be discriminated against or disliked or even persecuted because of a small difference in perhaps appearance, religion, nationality, race, and many others. Derived from that phrase comes the word Liberty, which also means that all mean are equal, and under that is the word freedom, which shows that since all men are equal, they should therefore be free. Underneath the Natural Law section of the Natural Law Matrix, is the Government, and since the Government is under Natural Law, it means the Government cannot do anything that breaks Natural Law, which also leads right back to the fact that the Government cannot do anything that is against God, since Natural Law answers to God. But the ...

Jack the Ripper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Jack the Ripper - Essay Example Due to the limitation of resources, women resulted into prostitution to meet their basic needs. During this time is when one serial killer who killed prostitutes by cutting their throat and removing abdominal organs and the genitalia emerged. He was believed to be well sophisticated with anatomical knowledge for the fact that he got this organs off so perfectly well. Many people believed that the killings were linked for the fact some of his victims were related in some way and the killings were committed within a short period. The victims had similar cuts, although some of the victims were not mutilated per abdomen. The victims were all killed at night with most of them being discovered early in the morning. The name Jack the ripper, came up after a letter addressed to the media from one who claimed to be the killer hit the headlines. However, it was believed that the letter was drafted by one of the media people to create more attention on the issue for further investigation and co verage. There were a number of theories that came up to figure out who Jack the Ripper was. The most prominent theory is the conspiracy theory that involved the royal family. It was believed that the killings were a high profile undertaking after Prince Albert Victor impregnated a shop girl, Annie crook. Queen Victoria’s physician brutalized Anne crook until she forgot everything and left her child with one prostitute Mary Kelly. Once this prostitute got the information, she shared it with fellow prostitutes who are believed to be the victims. It is believed that they were killed in order to save the loyal family form the humiliation they could have had incase news went out that there was an illegitimate son out there form the Prince. In another instance, Doctor Thomas Neil Cream was convicted on unrelated madder charges at News gate prison where he was executed. During the

MIS computer assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

MIS computer - Assignment Example On the other hand, the following hardwares were purchased: a computer desktop PC whose feature is described as precision T7910; input devices such as mouse inclusive of a mouse pad and keyboard; output devices such as monitor and external speakers; secondary hard devices such as hard disks and optical storage device; a sound card; and Ethernet network card. The above preferred operating system-OS (window 7 64 bit) is ideal since it does not experience issues related to compatibility that was a thorn in the flesh for the earlier versions such widow XP and Vista. Moreover, its drivers are readily available except the Ethernet drivers which are usually available through the internet platforms (Emdadekh, 2010). The other required softwares such as word processor, spreadsheets, publisher, PowerPoint can be easily installed into the above specified OS as a package inform of office software. The latest version of office (office 2013) is of preference due to the fact that it is not only easier to use but also facilitates easier input techniques and analysis especially when using the spreadsheets. On the other hand, the program for creating PDF files is also easily installed from the internet inclusive of the PDF converter that enables one to convert the PDF script into other forms contained in the office 2013 especially when editing is required. It is prudent to comprehend that the data base management program is part of the office package and once installed one can easily create a data base. For the e-mail program, the provisions such internet browsers such as the Mozilla Firefox, the Google Chrome, and the internet explorer among others enable one to manipulate the e-mailing components of th e program (Emdadekh, 2010). Furthermore, Window 7 readily accepts installation of the latest versions of these browsers. In addition, the computer security system can be enhanced by installing internet security softwares

The Origin of the Work of Art Essay Example for Free

The Origin of the Work of Art Essay In ‘The Origin of the Work of Art’ by German philosopher Martin Heidegger, the essence of the work of art and then the question of the meaning of a thing, are described according to the philosopher’s perspective. This was Heidegger’s first collection of writings on art. The critique had many opponents as well as allies who felt that this was a valuable contribution in making the meaning of art clearer to people. Heidegger states, the work of art â€Å"gives the earth (materials, color, sound, words) the chance to be present as what it really is. As long as the earth is used for something, it is not present as what it truly is. The truth, which the work of art reveals in this way, is a finite truth. It does not consist in a meaning, which lies in the open in an articulated form, but in a meaning, which is fathomless and deep. In its essence it is the strife between world and earth, between rising and sheltering.† (Kockelmans, 1985) However, to understand the statement by Martin Heidegger, â€Å"While truth and art are proper to the essence of reality with equal originality, they must diverge from one another and go counter to one another† (Kockelmans, 1985) one must move deep into the context of art and truth, particularly truth. Truth, according to Friedrich Nietzsche, who influenced Heidegger by a great degree, is presented in a metaphor where he points that â€Å"on the mountains of truth you can never climb in vain: either you will reach a point higher up today, or you will be training your powers so that you will be able to climb higher tomorrow.† (Lamb, 2004) However, the same truth goes though a mode of transference, when he mentions, â€Å"all things are subject to interpretation whichever interpretation prevails at a given time is a function of power and not truth.† (Lamb, 2004) This brings us to a stage where it becomes hard to interpret the application of truth from the perspective of Nietzsche. According to this parameters truth is an element that can be turned and twisted in accordance to occasion or need. Here he mentions that â€Å"all credibility, all good conscience, all evidence of truth come only from the senses†. (Lamb, 2004) However, the vital question is who would verify the justification of sense? Who would ascertain whether the interpretation of truth or the application of sense is modulated towards a betterment or general good? Hitler used Friedrich Nietzsche’s philosophy of truth for his own goal and turned it against the entire world using this philosophy as a tool of justifying his evil means. Therefore, truth is subjective and in words of Nietzsche himself, â€Å"all truth is simple is that not doubly a lie?† (Lamb, 2004) Thus, truth is an embellishment of justification with almost poetic or artistic application that can be turned and twisted to meet the end purpose. It is true that the rhetorical approach of Friedrich Nietzsche hardly leaves any stone unturned in favor of his argument and it is only after a mass killing of the 20th century did we aver realized the flaw of his theory. The anthropomorphism incorporated in his philosophy diverted a mass section of the human population towards a belief of truth that is difficult to practice and fatal when implemented in practical world. However, it can be ascertained to remark that there is no problem for the society to implement the nature of truth in art forms as it depicts a personal view of the truth. In this context it would be relevant to mention that Marx believed that there is little truth in art as it is only a medium that presents an mirror image of the reality whereas there are enough evident that explains art in a different mode. (Lamb, 2004) Marcuse believes that â€Å"the truth of art lies in the power to break the monopoly of established reality†. (Marcuse, 1995) However according to Wilde â€Å"art never expresses anything but itself.† (Lamb, 2004) Under such parameters, the application of truth in art hardly holds any ground. It is a curious notion to mention that Plato wanted all poets and artists to be sent out of the country because they presented as fractured form of truth. The same is true for the practical and present world. It should be remembered that on a practical ground while somewhere on a greater moral plane we are taught that lying is â€Å"wrong,† the fact is that Western Civilization as James Beniger asserts could be reduced to chaos without lies. The present generation believes that there are certain importance of truth but that truth is juxtaposed with the parameters of lies for the term ‘success’ in this world of market driven economy. From the perspective of a present generation, individual truth is as important as lying, no matter how metaphorical or paradoxical it might sound, thus its needs an explanation. Humans develop their ability to lie at a very early age. The average two-year-old is a liar, perhaps not a proficient and accomplished liar yet, but a liar nonetheless.   By the time, a child is a toddler, the innocence of youth is a myth, and the child has learned that lying is a necessary skill for survival in the world. The children who perfect the art of lying just might grow up to become successful politicians. Caught in a forbidden act, a two-year-old will quickly try to don a look of absolute innocence all while denying the alleged wrongdoing. Lying in children this young makes one wonder if lying is part of the human genetic code. The fact is, children probably are taught to lie by their first teachers- their parents. Brian Martin claims that parents carefully teach children how to lie and just as often lie to them (Martin, 2004). In teaching their children to lie, parents are preparing them to deal with the world. Once children set off for school, they must know how to lie effectively to teachers and classmates. Children who do not become good liars will not develop good interpersonal skills, and they will probably not become highly effective people. Every child needs to know how to explain the missing homework assignment and how to get along with playmates. Well-told lies are the most expedient means to these ends. In the adult world, the most successful people are those who are proficient liars. Businesses would cease to function if proprietors always told the truth. Without lies, there would be no politicians and no governments; the world would descend into anarchy. A good politician knows that people do not really want to hear the truth, especially if the truth is unpleasant; therefore, the best politicians always have ready lies that are always delivered with a caring and earnest expression. These are good lies because they reassure the people that all is well, and that is after all, what people want to hear. Lies are the foundation of democracy, and lies set people free. Be it a genetic trait or one acquired through social interactions, lying is a part of the fabric of civilization and socialization. In addition, this stands for each and every society down the ages of human history not just Western Civilization. Great societies are founded on lies, and the most successful people are the most adept liars. Relationships, businesses, and governments depend on lies. In wider sense, it could well be formulated that lying is a positive sign and approach of intelligence at the same time. (Lamb, 2004) It should be mentioned that as an individual on behalf of the present generation and that on a moral ground the importance of truth remains important. It could be ascertained that this truth should be composed and restored as an element of individual justification. This means that one should be justified in terms of truth to oneself. The human dignity is to be taken into consideration in relation to truth. One must always be true, clarified and justified to the personal self. This is the importance of truth and the value of truth and the rest depends on the survival strategies in the modern world. Thus, truth remains in its position while to survive one need the help of the other side of truth and that is lie. However, from the parameters of art it can be stated â€Å"art is an inherent element in the effort on the part of man to come to genuine self-understanding art works reveal to us what and how beings are. Each artwork opens its own world A world opens itself, the earth shelters and closes; both are present in the artwork. Furthermore, the work does not refer to something else as a sign or a symbol does, but it presents itself in its own Being and invites the beholder to dwell and while with it.† (Kockelmans, 1985) As Heidegger explains further: We note, â€Å"In order for truth to come-to-pass in a work of art, conservation is as essential as invention. Since the fact that truth is at work implies the conserver who is â€Å"startled and whiles in the openness that pervades the art work.† (Kockelmans, 1985) Thus, in defense of art as solitary medium it can be stated that nature is created by itself, while art is the creation of nature. Art knows no death and it is imperishable. As said by Longfellow that art is long and time is fleeting. The spices of nature are born only to die after a certain space of existence. Art continues indefinitely. Austin Dobson assessment of art is expressed in his saying that all passes. Art alone enduring stays to us. The bust outlasts the throne, the coin, Tiberius. Art is never demonstrative; it never catches attention with an exhibitionistic appeal. Obviously, a casual observer scarcely finds anything impressive, a thing of beauty, in it. On the other hand, the eye of a connoisseur never misses it. With his penetrating look and absorbing concern, he explores the innate charm of an object of art. According to the celebrated Latin poet Ovid, art lies in concealing art. If art is the magic of holding back time then artists are the magicians who captivate time in colors and canvases. As time passes by several take birth and perish, but some people with their achievements and contributions leave their footprints on the sands of time. These people remain immortal forever in the pages of history. It has been found that â€Å"the imagination is a necessary part of the creative process, and that somewhere between the imagination and the reality principle; the mind can play on an infinite measure of continuum between these binary opposites. Both imagination and rationality are necessary in order that separation from the here and now may occur without a complete severing with the past.† (Windt, 2004) However, in the juxtaposition of truth and art it can be stated that Art could even be considered something as simple as an action someone has done for a cause or for somebody. If someone holds the door for somebody else, it could be his or her art to be generous and courteous. Even acts of crime can be considered forms of art. In many thieving circles, the method of breaking and entering or robbing places is merely called the Art of Theft. Therefore, one can never really limit art to one thing. Rather, it is a wide arrangement of things. In addition, one can never truly crack down and say that something is only artistic if it is of some particular kind of medium, because somebody else will disagree. Art is anything that anyone does which has a profound effect on somebody or something else. From a simple act of kindness to a masterpiece painting which took years out of somebody’s life? Some art can be considered more complex, and some art can be considered simpler in contrast. However, the fact of the matter is, in the eye of the beholder, art could be anything. So is it possible for us to define what art is or can we really set any realistic guidelines as to what is art and what is not? It is always possible to create guidelines, but it is often considered an art form in itself to break said guidelines. What we can do, however, is center ourselves on the aesthetics of art. However, defining what is aesthetic and what is not can be quite an undertaking. Simply put, something that is aesthetically pleasing is something that appeals to the senses. For instance, flowers give a nice aesthetic sense of smell by offering their pleasant odors. A nicely painted picture can give off a nice aesthetic sight for somebody to enjoy. Often it is difficult to create something aesthetically pleasing, as there are many ways to offend peoples senses. For instance, if you wanted to create a painting to give off an aesthetic feeling of hope, you probably would not use an over abundance of dark colors. Dark colors are often used to show calmness or even more commonly, something sad and depressing. In addition, when painting, if you use wider and more circular strokes with a lighter press on your brush, you will give off more depressing tones and colors. Therefore, it would be more advisable to use lighter colors and more agile handling of the brush. Lighter colors often give off a feeling of warmth and happiness, which is something that you would like to be doing if you would like to create something hopeful. However, to create something that gives off a strong aesthetic presence, you usually must feel some sort of emotional attachment to whatever it is you are working on three. One must have a feeling for whatever it is you are working on. Only then will you truly pour out everything from your heart and mind. When you can accomplish this, you can create something with true aesthetic value. If you can describe your emotions in your artwork, it becomes easier for others to understand what you were trying to do, and more often, give them a stronger emotional sense. In a way, this creates a bond between the artist and the observer, allowing true aesthetic value to be created within a work of art. However, this still does not fully aid us in our quest to find out whether we can define what art is. There are some things, which do not stimulate our emotions as much but may still hold a different aesthetic value. Some of the most common examples of these are mathematical charts and scientific writings. Although they do not hold any intrinsic aesthetic values, they still provide a sense of artwork within the mind. Mathematics helps us to develop our logical minds and to expand our ability to memorize details and think things through. However, as odd as it may sound, even mathematics can help to produce powerful works of art. One of the most profound methods of art within mathematics must be the Golden Ratio. The Golden Ratio is a number, which is defined simply as width being 1.618 times the height of something 4 or approximately one and a half times the height of something. Although unexplained, you can prove it to yourself by viewing pictures of the Greek structure known as the Parthenon that the Golden Ratio is one of the most beautiful artistic forms in existence. The difference in width by length gives a soothing aura and relaxes the entire body when viewed. One of the other valuable aesthetic forms, which have come from math, is the circle. Although we may never truly define what Pi is, it is known that it is the calculation for a perfect circle. Pi is simple defined as an outer diameter 3.14 times the length of the radius of a circle. Circular shapes have always been known to be very pleasing to the eye, and this could help to explain why Roman structures may not be as pleasing as other circular structures. The Romans, for a time, were on top of the world and had to prove it by being correct in everything. This even meant their own calculation of Pi, which, in Roman times, was known to be 3.45. Interestingly enough, when you view Roman buildings with a bird’s eye view, you can notice that they are slightly ovular. This gives an awkward feel to them and helps to explain why Greek architecture has always been slightly more respected than Roman architecture. Even science has a place in the world of common art. For, without science, we would not have many of the methods of designing art as we do now. Paint, for instance, if not developed without science would not be in existence now. Chemistry and metallurgy have been two of the most significant expansions to the world of contemporary art however. Chemistry has helped to develop various substances, which react to different surfaces, and modern chemistry has helped to evolve this even further. Now we have fluorescent paints, synthetic canvases and neon gases to help create bright signs in the sky. Metallurgy has helped in sculpture design and in the design of many modern tools used in art. Many artists are now using welding as a medium for their artistic expression. The fields of science and art seem to go hand in hand when you think of them in this way. Computers in particular have had a profound effect on the development of aesthetic value in art today. Many artists conglomerate around the Internet to share their works of art and receive critiques from various sources to develop their talent further. In fact, there have been many programs developed which help people to develop art on the computer itself. Flash animation is a popular method of electronic art design, which is a conglomeration of various artistic images placed together in a mobile video sequence. Photo editing has been enhanced by several modern software programs, and you can even create unique three-dimensional images with some modern programs. Graphic design has been greatly enhanced by the advent of the modern computer. So many programs and computer platforms have been specifically tailored for Graphic Design that in recent years the industry has had an explosion in growth. Companies everywhere are constantly seeking artists to design their logos, papers, pamphlets and promotional media. However, with so many developments in the field of art, have we become closer to being able to define art in one true sense? Alternatively, rather, have we learned to adapt and respect all forms of art and their inherent values? What might be considered a masterpiece in the past by everyone may only be considered a masterpiece to a small number of people in this modern day. Rather than classifying art in one major group, we should respect all art for its value and its effect on society as a whole. It is debatable that we will ever be able to identify art in the analytical sense, but we will learn new ways to improve our talents and we will constantly gain more resources to spread our art across all reaches of the universe. It does not really matter whether or not we can define art, because art is just an expression. It is a method for human beings to get out their emotions and share them with the rest of the world. It helps to describe what cannot be spoken. A picture is worth a thousand words, but even those thousand words can yet again produce a thousand additional pictures. In addition, in this method of thought, art has an infinite number of possibilities and an infinite number of ways to influence the lives of others.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There are no strict guidelines for defining art nor will there ever be. Everything is in the eye of the beholder, but it does not matter. As long as society keeps using art forms and aesthetic values to gain a newfound sense of identity, I think the world will live without being able to define what art is. So do not pursue the field and believe you must define others work, but rather, attempt to find its emotional value and apply it to your own life. Thus, in conclusion, it can be stated that the statement of Martin Heidegger enumerating art is comparatively true and partly wrong. This is because truth cannot be imposed on art in the context of realism but the undefined part of art makes it wrong. This is because if art is not completely defined and if truth is uncertain at many parts, as seen earlier, the relation between the two becomes tentative and vague. Thus, whether art and truth are inseparable or they are in contradiction to each other remains a debatable issue for further arguments in the future. Bibliography: Kockelmans, Joseph J; 1985; Heidegger on Art and Art Works; Springer Lamb, Davis; (2004); Cult to Culture: The Development of Civilization on the Strategic Strata; National Book Trust. 2004 Marcuse, Herbert; 1994; The Aesthetic Dimension; Art and its Significance; Suny Press; Martin, Brian. (2003-2004). â€Å"Telling Lies for a Better World?† Social Anarchism 35: 27-39.   Retrieved on 7 April, 2008 from http://www.uow.edu.au/arts/sts/bmartin/pubs/03sa.html Windt, Gerda van de; (2004); Artistic Imagination: Transforming Sorrow into Beauty Truth and Art; Arts Education – Faculty of Education. Simon Fraser University

Risperdal :: Drugs Schizophrenia Essays

Risperdal Risperidone is an atypical antipsychotic used to alleviate the symptoms of schizophrenia. Schizophrenia is defined by its effects in altering perception, thoughts, or consciousness called hallucinations or delusions. It affects about 1% of the population, with about 2 million people affected in the United States. About 50% of those affected become severely and permanently disabled and dependent upon public assistance. Schizophrenics make up about 10% of the totally disabled population and as much as 14% of the homeless. The United States spends about $70 billion annually. About 1 out of 4 patients will attempt suicide, and 1 in 10 will succeed. There is great social stigma associated with the disease (Sarason & Sarason, 2001, pg. 350). The dopamine theory behind the cause of schizophrenia states that in part excess dopamine is a possible factor or there is more than an average number of dopamine, Type 2 receptors. Risperidone acts on the dopamine D2 receptor (Sarason, et al, 2001, pg. 368). Risperidone is a psychotropic drug and is part of the chemical class of benzisoxazole derivatives used as a treatment for schizophrenia, with some results for bipolar manic disorder, as well. The molecular formula is C23H27FN4O2, with a molecular weight of 410.49 (Ereshefsky & Mascarena, 2003). Route of administration is oral. Once the drug passes the esophagus and stomach, it makes its way into the small intestines. There are beds of capillaries within the intestine walls.

The Road

Why do you think McCarthy has chosen not to give his characters names? How do the generic labels of â€Å"the man† and â€Å"the boy† affect the way you /readers relate to them? While reading The Road, a novel written by Cormac McCarthy, I was jerked from the warmth, comfort, and safety of my home and thrown into a cold, dark, and desolate world, walking alongside â€Å"the man† and â€Å"the boy†. McCarthy composes his work so graphically that readers are drawn right into the story.I believe Cormac McCarthy wanted the figures in this book to be universal, so that the reader could imagine him/her self as â€Å"the boy† or â€Å"the man† at any given moment, and to be able to feel as they do. To do this McCarthy did not designate the characters in his book with names, and because of this, I was able to connect with â€Å"the man† and â€Å"the boy† on a personal level and envision myself uniting with them in their chilling journe y. As the reader, I was deeply overwhelmed with many mixed emotions such as compassion, sadness, happiness, disgust, remorse, and fear.I have pity for the characters in the book The Road, because â€Å"the man† and â€Å"the boy† have to pass day to day struggling to survive in a frigid bleak world where food is scarce â€Å"They squatted in the road and ate rice and cold beans they’d cooked days ago. † â€Å"Already beginning to ferment. †(McCarthy 29). The landscape is blackened, and mankind is almost extinct â€Å"The mummied dead everywhere. †(McCarthy 24). As I read on I noticed myself connecting more deeply with the characters.When the boy’s mother takes her own life, I was deeply saddened and my heart broke for â€Å"the boy† simply because his mom, someone he cherished and loved so much, had given up on hope and faith and deserted him. I just wanted to take hold of the child and comfort him even though at this moment he has no clue his mother has left. I also felt sorry for â€Å"the man†, one, because he has to tell his child where his mother is â€Å"For the love of God woman. What am I to tell him? † (McCarthy 58), and two, because his love and best friend was in such despair and there was nothing he could do to impel her to stay.As a mother, in some ways, I also felt sorry for the mother in this book, because most women dream of the day she will have a child of her own to love, care for, and teach, but this mother had to give birth to her son after the great catastrophe, and instead of bringing her tears of happiness, it brought tears of sorrow. She now knows that she has to raise her son in this dark and barley habitable world and that it will be a constant struggle to survive. â€Å"My heart was ripped out of me the night he was born†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (McCarthy 57).On the other hand though, I am also disgusted with the mother for the one reason that she gave up, and now her family , especially her child, has to suffer the consequences due to her actions, but again, given that I put myself in her situation, would I do the same thing? While reading I also felt deep sadness in many parts, for one instance, when â€Å"the man† dies, at this point in the book I had tears streaming down my face. â€Å"He slept close to his father that night and held him but when he woke in the morning his father was cold and stiff. † â€Å"He sat there a long time weeping†¦ (McCarthy 281). â€Å"He knelt beside his father held his cold hand and said his name over and over again. †(McCarthy 281). At one part in the book, remorse, disgust, sadness, and compassion were the stirred emotions that hit me all t once. It was the time when a thief robs â€Å"the boy† while he is asleep on the beach. When â€Å"the boy† was first robbed I was angry and disgusted with the thief who had robbed a sleeping innocent child, I could never see myself doing th is especially in a situation where food is hard to come by and staying warm is almost impossible!When they finally catch up with the thief â€Å"the man† points the gun at him and threatens to shoot him. â€Å"The boy† is pleading with his father not to kill the thief. â€Å"The man† says to the thief â€Å"Take your clothes off. †(McCarthy 256). â€Å"Take them off every goddamn stitch. † (McCarthy 256). Eventually the thief is completely naked, â€Å"the boy† and the thief are begging â€Å"the man† not to do this, but the man looks at the thief and says â€Å"You didn’t mind doing it to us. †(McCarthy 257). Now I feel that the thief is getting what he deserves.When they leave the thief standing in the road â€Å"the boy† becomes extremely upset, â€Å"And They set out along south with the boy crying and looking back at the nude and saltlike creature standing there in the road shivering and hugging himself. â⠂¬  â€Å"Oh Papa, he sobbed. †(McCarthy 258). I am now starting to feel the compassion the boy has towards the thief â€Å"He was hungry, Papa. † â€Å"He’s going to die. †(McCarthy 259). They finally take the thief’s clothes back and pile them in the middle of the road and I am glad of this.Later as they were lying down at camp I believe the man was starting to feel guilty, and he spoke â€Å"I wasnt going to kill him, he said. † â€Å"But the boy didnt answer. † â€Å"They rolled themselves in the blankets and lay there in the dark. † â€Å"He could tell the boy was awake and after a while the boy said: but we did kill him. †(McCarthy 260). When â€Å"the boy† made this comment I felt deep remorse and disgust in myself for having felt so harshly toward the thief in the beginning.I also felt happiness and relief in this story when â€Å"the man† and â€Å"the boy† found the underground shelter beh ind the house in the field, I felt as if I was there with them discovering the grand riches this den held! â€Å"Oh my God, he whispered. † â€Å"Oh my God. † â€Å"What is it Papa? † â€Å"Come down. † â€Å"Oh my God. † â€Å"Come down. † (McCarthy138). â€Å"Crate upon crate of canned goods. † â€Å"Tomatoes, peaches, beans, apricots. † â€Å"Canned hams. † â€Å"Corned beef. † â€Å"Hundreds of gallons of water in ten gallon plastic jerry jugs. †(McCarthy 138).In this underground hideaway was everything they needed to survive. I was so overwhelmed with joy and comfort that I forgot for a moment about the cruel cold world above. During many portions of this novel I experienced also many sensations of fear. The most prominent passage is where â€Å"the man† and â€Å"the boy† come across a house and both are vulnerable due to fatigue and starvation. â€Å"They’d had no food and littl e sleep in five days and in this condition on the outskirts of a small town they came upon a once grand house sited on a rise above the road†(McCarthy 105).As they start toward the house â€Å"the boy† becomes frightened and â€Å"the man† or father tries to reassure him that everything is okay and that they have to go inside. At this point I am feeling a little uneasy about the two entering the house. As they cross the porch â€Å"the boy† is trying to convince his father not to go inside, agreeing with the boy I imagine myself in his shoes and I am pleading for â€Å"the man† not to enter. â€Å"The man† is determined and tells the boy â€Å"We’ve got to find something to eat. † â€Å"We have no choice. †(McCarthy 106).When inside the home â€Å"the boy hung on to his hand. † â€Å"He was terrified. † (McCarthy 107). While investigating the house they come across a door in a room next to the kitchen that m ight have been considered a pantry at one time. â€Å"In the floor of this room was a door or hatch and it was locked with a large padlock made of stacked steel plates. †(McCarthy 108). â€Å"The boy† again tries to plead with his father to leave, and I again right along with him, but now my tension and curiosity is starting to rise a bit, wondering what is underneath this door. The man† believes there is a significant reason for this door being locked, so he makes his way to the tool shed â€Å"half dragging the child and went sorting through tools† (McCarthy 109). He retrieves a shovel, heads back into the house, and pry’s the door open. Now I am holding my breath just waiting for the outcome, good or bad, I do not know, but I am very anxious. â€Å"He started down he rough wooden steps. He ducked his head and then flicked the lighter†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (McCarthy 110).â€Å"Coldness and Damp. † â€Å"An ungodly stench. † (McCarthy 110). What came next caught me completely off guard! Huddled against the back wall were naked people, male and female, all trying to hide, shielding their faces with their hands. † â€Å"On the mattress lay a man with his legs gone to the hip and the stumps of them blackened and burnt. † â€Å"The smell was hideous. † â€Å"Jesus, he whispered. †(McCarthy 110). Now I am in a complete state of shock, fear, and disgust. Unbelievable! All at once I am feeling the fear and shock of â€Å"the man†, â€Å"the boy†, and the mangled victims that have been terrorized, probably raped, eaten or at least half dismembered and eaten by the wicked and ruthless barbarians! Then one by one they turned and blinked in the pitiful light. † â€Å"Help us, they whispered. † â€Å"Please help us. †(McCarthy 110). My heart is now beginning to race. When they finally reach the top of this grave, â€Å"He shoved the boy through the hatch and sent him sp rawling. † â€Å"He stood and got hold of the door and swung it over and let it slam down and he turned to grab the boy but the boy had gotten up and was doing his little dance of terror. †(McCarthy 111).As if this horrific and vivid image engraved in my head was not enough, McCarthy immediately throws me into a sheer state of terror and panic. â€Å"†¦ the boy was pointing out the window and when he looked he went cold all over. † â€Å"Coming across the field toward the house were four bearded men and two women. † â€Å"He grabbed the boy by the hand. † â€Å"Christ, he said. † â€Å"Run. † â€Å"Run. † I had to literally set the book aside, go outdoors, calm down, and smoke a cigarette to calm my nerves. Finally my heart rate returned to normal and I picked up the book and continued to read.After I completed this part in the story and discovered that â€Å"the man† and â€Å"the boy† had escaped I got up ch ecked on my children to reassure myself that they were asleep safe and warm in their bed, I quickly ran back through the house like a child with a sense of fear that something was going to jump out and grab me at any moment, I jumped in the bed got as close to my husband as possible and eventually drifted off to sleep. When I finished reading The Road by Cormac McCarthy, I was astonished at how deep I was able to connect with the characters and the fact that this book touched me as deeply as it did.It also made me think what if†¦? In reality if this were to happen would I have the courage and strength of â€Å"the man† and â€Å"the boy† or would I be like the mother as McCarthy states it â€Å" †¦a faithless slut†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (57), who has taken death as a new lover. Over all I personally believe that this novel was absolutely fantastic, even though I had nightmares for a few nights after I had completed the book. This just goes to show what a great writer McCarthy is, he touches his readers so deeply they even dream about his work. I would defiantly pick up this book and read it again just for fun. The Road The post-apocalyptic novel â€Å"The Road†, written by Cormac McCarthy was published in 2006. [1] It deals with the journey of a father together with his son, who try to reach the coast after America, its nature and civilisation has been destroyed by some catastrophe. Therefore some important issues are implied: travelling, fear of death, nuclear war, goodness, religion, cannibalism and of course the relationship between father and son. Maybe that is the reason why McCarthy dedicated the novel to his son: John Francis McCarthy. In 2007 McCarthy won the Pulitzer Prize for fiction for this novel. 2] In 2009 the Novel was made into a film, also called â€Å"The Road† and directed by John Hillcoat. [3] There are some interesting aspects, regarding the similarities and differences between the novel and its cinematic adaptation. The Novel Cormac McCarthy tells the story of a journey, made by father and son. They survived a nuclear catastrophe, which is not described in detail and want to go south in order to reach the coast. They have a card in order to carry their habits. They hope for a humanitarian climate, nourishments and other peaceful survivors. Due to the apocalypse, they have to deal with a lot of trouble during their trip. In order to survive despite the lack of food, a lot of people became cannibals. Cannibalism is no option for the man and his son, because they belong to the good ones. Therefore they have to be carful who they trust and their search for food is more difficult. In addition they have to take care for their clothing, especially for their shoes because it is very cold since the catastrophe. [4] â€Å"Mostly he worried about their shoes. That and food. Always food. † (McCarthy, 2006: 17) [5] The most problematic aspect is the fathers task to raise his son under such circumstances without neglecting the sense of humanness. The world he knows was completely destroyed and there is no common childhood. The son has to cope with aspects like cannibalism and suicide very early. He also has to accept the circumstance, that his father is going to die sooner or later and that he needs to be able to live on his own when the time comes. His father tries to prepare him as good as he can. McCarthy tells the story among 287 pages. He uses 3rd person narration, where the narrator is omniscient, because he knows about thoughts, dreams and fears of the father and his son. His style of writing without chapters stresses the travel motive. It highlights the fact that the protagonists have to go on and on until they reach the coast and that there are no other important stages in between. Another important technique is the avoidance of names which means that both protagonists remain anonym. This technique highlights the aspect, that in case of a nuclear catastrophe, this scenario could happen to anyone. The father and his son serve as representatives for humankind. In addition there are no concrete names of places which indicates, that this scenario could not just happen to anyone, it could also happen anywhere in the world. There are two more aspects, which remain unclear. The first one is the fate of the mother. The book does not make clear what happened to her because for them, it does not matter. She is gone and that is all they need to know. Secondly there are no details mentioned when it comes to the catastrophe which also indicates that it is not important what happened. The man and his son are alive and so they have to challenge the circumstances, indifferent what caused them. â€Å"The clocks stopped at 1:17. A long shear of light and then a series of low concussions. (†¦) A dull rose glow in the windowglas. (McCarthy, 2006: 52) McCarthy creates a very desperate imagery. His preferred chosen words are dark and sad. He uses short sentences, which guarantees that the novel is written in a minimal, but tough very closely style. [6] â€Å"No list of things to be done. The day providential to itself. The hour. There is no later. This is later. All things of grace and beauty such that one holds them to one’s heart have a common provenance in pain. Their birth in grief and ashes. † (McCarthy, 2006: 54) Even the dialogues between father and son or between them and strangers they met are very short. In addition there are a lot of details described, no matter if they are tolerable or hardly shocking. â€Å"They could smell something cooking. Let’s circle around, the man said. (†¦) They left their food cooking. (†¦) What is it? He said. What is it? The boy shook his head. Oh Papa, he said. He turned and looked again. What the bay had seen was a charred human infant headless and gutted and blackening on the spit. † (McCarthy, 2006: 198) The two unnamed Protagonists The son is about 10 years old and was born after the catastrophe. That is why he does not know the world as it was before. He has although no childhood like one would think of. He has to grow up without his mom, knowing that his father will also fade away one day. Therefore he has to learn very much important skills in a short amount of time. He has no real toys and no other kids around him. In contrast he knows how to kill himself and feels responsible for his father, who became ill. It is important to say, that the son serves as a symbol for hope. â€Å"He knew only that the child was his warrant. He said: If he is not the word of God God never spoke. † (McCarthy, 2006: 5) Not only for his father, also for other people they met. For example Ely, the second stranger they met thought that he was an angel. Within the story the young boy grows from a child with a lot of questions and fears to a boy with a big sense of humanity, who knows a lot about the world he lives in and feels responsible for other people. â€Å"The man squatted and looked at him. I’m scared, he said. Do you understand? I’m scared. (†¦) You’re not the one who has to worry about everything. The boy said something but he couldn’t understand him. What? he aid. He looked up, his wet and grimy face. Yes I am, he said. I am the one. † (McCarthy, 2006: 259) The father can be characterized as a reactor. Whenever it comes to violent actions he is just acting in self-defence. He knows the world as it has been before the catastrophe, and feels sorry for his son but he also knows that he can not hold the horror away from him. He faces the fact that his son h as to live on his own one day and that it is his job to make sure that he will be able to do so. Therefore he is distrustful when it comes to strangers. He always reminds his son to be less helpful and a bit more wary but often he does not succeed. In addition he is very ill and weak. The only reason why he is able to go on without committing suicide is his son. Everything he does is for him. â€Å"He held the boy close to him. So thin. My heart, he said. My heart. But he knew that if he were a good father still it might well be as she had said. That the boy was all that stood between him and death. † (McCarthy, 2006: 29) Ending The ending of the novel is a happy one. They manage to reach the coast and the father dies in peace. After some days other survivors appear. There is another man, a woman and two other children, a boy and a girl. The boy talks to the man and makes clear that they belong to the good guys who â€Å"carry the fire†, which means that they do not kill and eat other people. After he made that clear, it is okay for him to go with them. Therefore the ending implies a new beginning, because it could be possible that the boy and the girl create descendants one day, which would be a first step to get a new population. â€Å"The woman when he saw him put her arms around him and held him. (†¦) I am so glad to see you. She would talk to him sometimes about God. He tried to talk to God but the best thing was to talk to his father and he did talk to him and he didn’t forget. † (McCarthy, 2006: 286) The Movie The movie â€Å"The Road† was published in 2009. John Hillcoat (Director) and Joe Penhall (Screenplay) produced a cinematic adaptation of the novel with the same title and story which takes 111 minutes. The role of the father is played by Viggo Mortensen and Kodi Smit-McPhee plays the role of the son. [7] As already said, the story is almost the same. There are just a few changes within it. For example there are some flashbacks to the time before the catastrophe and shortly after it, when the mother was still alive. In addition there are some omissions because of details which would have been too shocking, like the passage with the infant corpse. [8] Despite those supplements and omissions Hillcoat and Penhall did a really good job. They managed it to copy the imagery of McCarthy’s special style of writing into the atmosphere of the film. Therefore they used a number of techniques. [9] The depressive and sad atmosphere is easily created by mostly grey and brown colours. Furthermore the film was produced in wintertime, when there automatically lies snow and the trees are without leaves. The film implies no ordinary scenery, because it is not a complex story. The contrast comes when the flashbacks to the time before the catastrophe are shown. The colours change into very intensive ones, it is summer and you always hear nice piano music. One could also argue that the piano serves as a symbol for the presence of the mother and for civilisation because it represents culture. When the father remembers his wife there is always piano music which accentuates the scenes. Later in the film he has to cut an old piano into pieces in order to get wood for a fire. This is a clear indication that he is angry with his wife because of her decision to commit suicide. Those scenes are different to the few passages about the mother in the book. She is not a big issue in the novel. Within the book the story is told by an omniscient 3rd person narrator. In the cinematic adaptation the man tells the story. This is a contrast to the book, where the actions, feelings and thoughts of the man are part of the narration. On the one hand one could argue that this contrast is problematic because in the end the father is going to die and the way of narration could be too personal. But on the other hand Hillcoat and Penhall had to choose someone who tells the story and they had no other opportunity if they want to have the option of flashbacks and omniscience. According to the protagonists there is one other existing difference. In the book the boy seems to accept his fate and tries to make the best out of it. He grows up very fast and is rather adulty than childish. In the film he collects some artefacts like a broken comb of his mother, wears her clothes and also has a few toys. He is often scared and cries when he is. All in all, the boy is played like a child and not as grown up as he is described in the book. The overlapping aspect is the importance of â€Å"to carry the fire†. He is always asking if someone carries the fire, which means not to kill other people and disregard morality and values. The biggest difference between the novel and its cinematic adaptation is the ending. In the book it is described as a happy end. The father dies, the son meets another family who also carries the fire and can go with them. In addition the family has a daughter, which means that there is a new beginning for civilisation implied. This procedure is the same at the end of the film but there are some details which change the situation. Firstly the thumbs of the veteran are missing or garbled. That was also the case when they met the thief who has stolen their cart with all their goods. Those missing fingers can lead to the suggestion that he had been a member of a cannibalism commune. This would also fit to the question why a family should voluntary incorporate another hungry child. In fact there is no food left and every additional person is a risk at the same time. One also has to remember that they have a dog in the movie, which is pure luxury according to the circumstances they live in. According to those details there are two possibilities: either they are just as friendly and careful as the boy and it is an act of charity, or they see their chance in getting extra food without killing someone of their family or group. Novel or Movie? In my opinion both works are really great. I like the novel of McCarthy very much because of his style of writing and the atmosphere within the story. The dialogues are short, concise and therefore fit totally in. In addition the characters with their actions, thoughts, feelings and dreams as well as the ending of the story are simply realistic. There are some differences when it comes to the cinematic adaptation but those are no reasons for regarding the film as inferior. As already said, I think that Hillcoat and Penhall did a great job because it must have been very hard to transport McCarthy’s style of writing into a movie. What I like most is the ending of the film. It is less clear than in the book and every viewer can decide which option seems to be more realistic. I think the interpretation of the ending refers to ones personal character traits. If the viewer is as prudent, distrusting and sometimes hopeless like the father he will maybe be more likely to see it critical. In contrast a viewer who is as optimistic as the son will probably see the details as unimportant and therefore recognize the ending as a happy end, like the one of the book. This opportunity of individual interpretation is a great aspect of the movie.Bibliography McCarthy, Comac. The Road. New York: Vintage Books, 2006 http://www.buecher.de/shop/krimi–thriller/the-road/mccarthy-cormac/products_products/detail/prod_id/22749892/session/0c16e28341622398e76f09549b0dc89c/ (23.02.2012) http://www.cormacmccarthy.com/works/theroad.htm (23.02.2012) http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0898367/ (23.02.2012) http://sweetcheese.files.wordpress.com/2008/01/41jilx9r0rl_ss500_.jpg (23.02.2012) http://quaterlyconversation.com/the-road-by-cormac-mccarthy-review (23.02.2012) http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0898367/ (25.02.2012) Movie: â€Å"The Road†, Universum Film GmbH: 2009 http://www.beyondhollywood.com/the-road-2008-movie-images-gallery/the-road-movie/ (25.02.2012)